Power-transmission system



Dec. 18, i934. W Sym- 5 LQSSOQ' POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM wamzsss d INVENTOR Wilfred Sykes Patented Dee. 1s, 1934 Y 1,985,000

POWER-TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Wilfred Sykes, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, a

corporation of Pennsylvania Application February 7, 1931, Serial No. 514,195

16 Claims. (Cl. 172-239) My invention relates generally to power-transaccordance 'with the operation of a differential mission systems and more particularly to sysor balance relay, which is responsive to the gentems embodying a generator and a motor conerator voltage and the position of the master nected in closed-circuit relation and suitable for switch. Until the generator voltage reaches the 5 operating rolling mills, hoists and machines of value which corresponds to the position of the 5 similar nature. i master switch, the diiierential relay causes the l The object of my invention, generally stated, field resistor, in the excitation circuit of the exis to provide a power-transmission system which citer, to remain shunted to greatly over-excite shall ,be simple and efficient in operation and the generator which causes it to build up its ,1Q `whichmay be economically manufactured and voltage quickly. When the generator has deinstalled. A more, specific object of my invenveloped the desired voltage, as determined by the tion is to provide, in a power-transmission sysposition of the master switch, the differential tem ot the above' specified character, for conrelay then functions as a regulator to maintain trolling the neld excitation of the generator to the voltage at a substantially constant value.

1 5 cause the generator to rapidly develop a desired When the VOltage- 0f the generator has been 15 voltage and to thereafter automatically mainraised to maximum or normal value, the speed tain the preselected generator voltage at a subof the motor is further increased by a Second stantially constant value, regardless of changes differential or balance relay that is responsive in load. to the voltage impressed across the motor field A further object of my invention is to provide, Winding by its exciter and the position of the 20 in a system of the above specied character, for master switch. When the master switch is acvarying the speed oi the motor over a predetertuated t0 different positions, the dierential remined operating. range by utilizing regulating lay causes a field shunting switch to remain enmeans jointly responsive to a voltage determined erglzed and Closed to shunt a resistor in the eX- by the position of a master switch and the voltcitation circuit of an exciter until the voltage age of a motor exciter. impressed on the motor eld winding and, conm vAnother object of my invention is to provide, Sequently, the motor excitation reaches a value in a system of thev above character, for utilizing Which COIIeSDOIldS t0 the master-Switch Dosia single excitatiomcontrolling means for raption. After the motor has been accelerated to idly varying the generator excitation to raise :the desired speed, this differential relay l111c- 30 and lower the voltage to the desired value and -tions as a regulator to maintain the neld excin for .thereafter maintaining the voltage at the tation of the motor at a substantially constant selected value. value, as determined by the position of the mas- A still further object of my invention is to tel' sWitChy provide for varying the excitation 0f the motor My invention will be described in connection 35 to eiect the desired speed changes by means of With the eeempenyng drawing, in Which the a single excitation-controlling means, which is single figure is a diagrammatic view of a poweralso automatically operable to maintain the extransmission system embodying the principal citation of the motor at a substantially constant features 0f my invention. value, regardless of load variation, Referring now to the drawing, 10 is a direct= 40 In accordance with my invention, a generator Current mOtOl Whih may be utilized fOr drvand a motor are permanently connected in lng e Telling mill 01 e! nOiSt- AS shOWn, the closed-circuit relation, The Speed of the motor, motor is connected in closed-circuit relation to up to a predetermined value, is controlled by a direct-current generator 11, which may be varying the generator voltage, and the direction driven et e substantially Constant Speed by a of rotation of the motor is controlled by chang InOtOI, a turbine 0r Other Suitable Ineens, t0 S1113- ing the direction of the generator voltage. ply direct-Current Bowel' t0 the InOtOl 10.

The speed of the motor is further controlled The mOtOl 10 is provided With n shunt leld by varying its field excitation to obtain maxiwinding 12y connected directly across the armavmum speed with full generator voltage. ture of an exciter 13 which will be referred to 50 l The voltage of the main generator is conhereinafter as the motor exciter. The exciter trclled by varying the excitation of an exciter 13 is preferably driven by a separate-motor, in

which is connected across the generator fielda manner well known in the art. winding. I'he excitation circuit of the exciter The generator 11 is provided with a shunt M includes a resistor disposed to be shunted in eld winding 14, connected across the armature er i and 17, of the exciters 13 and 15, and current Y for operating the various relays of the system,

. may be obtained from any suitable source of constant voltage,`such, for example, as auxiliary generator 18.

As shown, the held winding et the exciter 13 is connected directly across line conductors 19 and 29, which are connected to the positive and negative brushes, respectively, of the auxiliary generator 18, through resistors 21v and 22, the function of which will be more fully described hereinafter.

The iield winding 17, of the exciter 15, is likewise connected across the line conductors 19 and 20, through an over-current relay 23, and over-voltage relay 24, and a plurality oi reversing switches 25 to 28, inclusive, which are utilized to reverse the exciter voltage and, consequently, the generator excitation to control the direction of operation of the motor in a well-known manner.

The eld circuit of the exciter 15 also contains a eld resistor 29 and a ileld-discharge re'- sistor 30, the latter being connected in shunt relation to the ileld winding 17. In order to control the operation of the system, a master switch 3i is provided which comprises a movable segment 32, disposed to be actuated in forward and reverse directions, as shown, to engage or disengage stationary contact lingers 33 to 42, inclusive.

Directional relays 43 and'44, lresponsive to the operation of the master switch, are provided for controlling the energization of the reversing switches 25 and 28 which control the neld circuit oi the generator exciter 15.

In order that the novel features of my invention may be more readily understood, the operation of the system will be described in detail. In this embodiment of the invention, provision is made for varying the speed of the motor 10 in two different ways. First, the speed of the motor 10 is controlled by varying the generator voltage while having full ileld excitation on the motor, and second, by holding the generator voltage steady at its normal value and varying the neld excitation of the motor. The

direction of rotation of the motor is controlled by changing the direction of the voltage developed by the generator.

In order to set the system in operation, the generator 11 is first started and brought up to its normal operating speed` by starting its driving motor or turbine, in the usual manner.

The generator 11 may be caused to develop a voltage to eii'ect the operation of the motor 10 in a forward direction by actuating the master switch to position a in the forward direction, to effect the operation of the forward-direction relay 43, which, in turn, closes an energizing circuit for reversing switches 26 and 28.

As will be observed, when the master switch 31 is in the a" position, stationaryV contact members 33 and 41 are bridged to establish a circuit Irom line conductor 19, through conductor 47, contact members 33 and 41, bridged by the segment 32, conductor 48, operating coil of relay 43, back contact members 44D and conductors 49 and 5G, to line conductor 20.

Upon the closure oi relay 43, a branch circuit is completed from the energized conductor 48,

through contact members 43a, conductor 51, operating coils of reversing switches 28 and 26 and conductor 50, to the line conductor 20.

In response to the operation of the reversing switches 28 and 26, the tleld winding 17, of the exciter l5, is connected across the auxiliary source comprising the line conductors 19 and 20, through va circuit extending from line conductor 19, through over-current relay 23, switch 28, rleld winding 17 and discharge resistor 30 connected in parallel, eld resistor 29, switch 26 and over-voltage relay 24, to the line conductor 20. In this instance, the field resistor 29 has a relatively large resistance value and, consequently, the voltage developed by the exciter 15 will be so low that the generator voltage will only build up to a slight degree.

As described hereinbefore, eld winding 16, of the motor exciter 13, is connected directlyl across the line conductors 19 and 20, and, since the relay 52, disposed to shunt the resistor 22, stands closed, the exciter develops its maximum voltage and, consequently, the motor 10 operates at full field excitation. Under these conditions, the speed of the motor is controlled entirely by varying the generator voltage.

In this embodiment of the invention, the generator voltage is controlled by intermittently shunting the iield resistor 29 in the excitation circuit of its exciter 15. The field resistor is shunted by means of 4a shunting relay 53 which may be of any suitable type, preferably of the spring-biased type, as shown.

In order to control the operation of the shunting relay 53 a differential or balance relay 54 is v provided having a spring-biased armature and diiierentially related operating coils 55 and 56. As shown, the coil 55, which functions to effect the opening of the relay, is connected directly across the armature of the generator 11, through conductors 57 and 58. The coil 56, which functions to effect the closure of the relay, is disposed to be' energized from the auxiliary source at various voltages controlled by the master switch 31 and a resistor 59.

As shown, when the master switch 31 is actuated to the a position in the forward direction, contact members 33 and 38 are bridged to establish a circuit from the line conductor 19, through conductor 47, contact members 33 and 38, bridged by the segment 32, resistor 59, coil 56 and conductor 61,. to the line conductor 20. Since, at. this time, the energization of the coil 55 is slight, because of the low generator voltage, the balance relay 54 is actuated to its closed position to establish an energizing circuit for the shunting relay 53. This circuit extends from line conductor 19,` through the coil of relay 53, contact members of the relay 62, contact members of relay 54 and conductor 81, to line conductor 20.

As will be readily understood, operation of the relay 53 shunts the field resistor 29, greatly increasing the voltage of the generator exciter 15, which causes the generator voltage to rapidly increase. These conditions prevail until .the voltage of the generator 11 has increased to a predetermined value, when the coil 55 of the diiierential relay 54 becomes suillciently energized to balance the eect of coil 56, and the armature is positively actuated, by its biasing spring, to open the contact members of the relay.

The opening of diilerential relay 54 interrupts -the energizing relay 53, and, consequently, decreases the voltage of exciter 15 to reduce the ductor 67, coil generator voltage, and the diierentiai relay 54 again functions, in exactly the same manner, to again increase the generator voltage.

So long as the master switch 31 remains in the 'a position,'the differential relay 54 will function, in the above-described manner, to alternately increase and decrease the excitation of the generator 11 and thereby maintain a constant voltage corresponding to the position of the master switch. The voltage thus maintained will cause the motor 10 .to operate at a substantially constant speed as determined by the position of the master switch.

The voltage of the generator 11 may be `further increased, to increase the speed of motor 10, by actuating the master switch to its b and .c positions, respectively, which operation increases the voltage impressed upon the coil 56 of the diierential relay 54 by shunting out sections of the resistor 59 and, consequently, requires that the generator 11 develops a greater voltage to cause the coil to become energized to a suicient degree to balance the eil'ect or the coil 56 and cause the operation of the diierential relay 54 in the manner described hereinbefore.

When the master switch 31 has been actuated to the "c position, the voltage oi the generator 11 has reached its maximum or normal value, and, in order to further increase the speed of the motor 10, provision is made for varying the ileld excitation oi the motor in somewhat the same manner as was described yfor controlling the voltage oi the generator.

As shown, the held resistor 22, in the excitation circuit oi the motor exciter 13, is disposed to be shunted by switch 52, normally held in its closed position, as shown.

` In order to control the speed oi the motor in this manner, it has been found desirable to provide control means to be responsive to the position of the master switch and to the voltage impressed upon the motor iield winding instead oi.' means to be responsive to the position of lthe master switch and to the voltage of the generator, as describedlhereinbei'ore,

In this instance, the shunting relay 52 is controlled by means of a difierentialor balance relay 63, similar, in construction, to relay 54 and having diiIerentially-related operating coils 64 and 65. It is to be observed, however, that relay` 63 is normally biased to its closed position, by means oi a suitable biasing spring, when its coils 64 and 65 are deenergized or are energized' by f equal voltages.

In order to cause the diiIerential relay 63 to function in accordance with the position or the master switch and the voltage impressed upon the motor neld winding 12, its coil 64 is also disposed to be energized from the'auxiliary source, through the resistor 66, at various voltages determined by the position oi ythe master switch. Its coil 65 is connecteddirectly across the motor field winding 12,1as shown.

It will be observed that, while the master switch 3l is still in the c position, stationary contact fingers 34 to 37 are bridged. and, consequentlycoil 64 oi the differential relay 63 is fully energized over a circuit extending from line conductor 19, through conductor 47, contact iingers 33 and 34bridged by segment 32--con- 64 and conductor- 61, to the line conductor 20.r Iorces exerted tially equal and by coils64and 65 are substanopposite, and-the armature is actuated by the biasing spring to elosathe confunctions as a regulator to tion of the motor at such average value that its l which controls the yWhen this condition exists, the.

tact members oi the relay. This establishes a circuit extending from Line conductor 19, through conductor 68, contact members of relay 63, con ductor 69 and shunting switch 52, to line conductor 20, which causes the shunting relay 52 to be held in the closed position to cause the motor exciter 13 to develop maximum voltage and to provide maximum excitation for the motor 10, which was the condition existing at the time the motor 10 was being accelerated and controlled by varying the generator voltage.

In order to increase the speed of the motor, the master switch 31 maybe actuated to the position where it disengages contact member 34, thereby inserting a section m of resistor 66, in the energizing circuit of the coil 64. This reduces the energization of coil 64 and, consequently, permits the coil 65 to effect the opening of the contact members oi relay 64 to interrupt the above described energizing circuit oi the shunting switch 52. Upon the opening of the shunting switch 52, the iield resistor 22 is rendered effective to reduce the voltage of the exciter 13 and, consequently, the excitation of the motor 10, which tends to increase the speed 'of the motor,

When the voltage impressed upon the ileld winding l2 has been sulciently reduced, the differential relay 63 is again actuated to its closed position to again effect the operation of the shunting switch 52 to increase the voltage of the exciter which tends to decrease the speed of the motor 10.

It is to be understood, however, that, when the-motor speed has been raised to a value corresponding to the position of the master switch, to causev the differential relay 63 to function in the above described manner, this relay then maintain the excitaspeed will be maintained at value.

The speed of the motor l0 may be further increased by actuating the master switch to its l l Uf?! oi the resistor 66, in circuit with coil 64 which further decreases the energization of the con 64'. This causes the differential relay 63 to function-in the manner described hereinbeiore to further reduce the average excitation of the motor 10.

In order to limit the amount of load current delivered by the generator to a safe value, dur-- ing the acceleration period, the operating coil of the over-current relay shunt relation to the compensating field 10a of vthe motor 10. `als described hereinbefore, the energizing circuit for the shunting relay 53,

generator-exciter voltage, extends through the contact members of relay 62, and, consequently, when it is opened by excess current flowing in the main circuit, the genthe preselected erator voltage is decreased, regardless of the polwl'iichhasits operating coil also connected across the compensating ileld 10a. oi the motor. As shown, the contact members of relay 70 are connected in parallel to those of the differential relay 63, in the energizing 'circuit for shunting relay 52, and, when closed, maintain the shunting positions, to insert sections y and a,

62 is connected in from overload, when the motor 10 isy relay 52 energized, regardless of the position oi l5 master switch is actuated from its f position towards the "oif position to gradually increase the voltage impressed upon the coil 64 of dif- Ierential relay 63 until the c position is reached. This causes the coil 64 to overcome the opposing coil 65, thereby holding the relay 63 in the closed position to maintain an energizing circuit for the shunting switch 52. This provides maximum exciter voltage and, consequently, the motor 10 decelerates at full iield excitation.

Further movement ot the master switch towards the "oiT position reduces the voltage impressed upon coil 56 of differential relay 54, while provided. As shown, the armature of the relay 72 is spring-biased to its closed position to shunt a resistor citation circuit of the motor exciter 13 and is provided with differentially-related coils 73 and 74. The coils 73 and 74 are so designed as to develop unequal forces when energized for a purpose which will be described hereinafter. Coil 73, which does not develop as strong a eld as coil 74, is connected across the generator reversed which causes coils 73 and 74, of relay 72, to act cumulatively. When the motor current 54 and 63 In order to more quence of current ilowing in the main circuit, and the excess-current relay 70 at 5500 amperes. The windings oi' relay 72 will then be so designed that it will require approximately the motor is retarding.

In order to prevent a reversal of the generator voltage before the voltage has decreased to a excess of normal value.

In this embodiment of the invention, relays have been illustrated as diiferential only a very simple arrangement of relays is necessary to cause the generator to develop the desired voltage and to thereafter maintain the voltage at a substantially constant value as the load varies. The differential or balance relay 54 functions -to cause the generator exciter to apply excess excitation voltage to the generator when its voltage is below that which corresponds to the position of the master switch to eiect a rapid development of generator voltage. After the generator voltage has developed to the desired value, the differential relay functions as a regulator to hold the voltage at this value, thereby making it unnecessary to employ both a regulator and field-forcing relays to obtain the same results.

The same is true with respect to the differential relay 63, which functions in the same manner as relay 54, `to control the excitation of the motor 10.

It may be stated, in conclusion, that, While the illustrated example constitutes a practical and desirable embodiment of my invention, I do not wish to limit myself strictly to the exact details herein illustrated since modifications o.' the same may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an electrical system, the combination with a motor, a generator connected in seriescircuit with the motor and a separately-driven exciter for the generator, of means for controlling the voltage of the exciter to effect an initial over-excitation of' the generator and thereafter to maintain the generator voltage at a substantially constant value, said means comprising a relay differentially responsive to thei voltage of the generator and directly to prede' termined voltages obtained from a separate source proportional to the desired generator voltage.

2. In an electrical-transmission system, the combination with a generator and a motor having their armatures connected in series-circuit relation, of means including a balance relay and an exciter for controlling the excitation of the generator in accordance with the voltage of said generator, and means for controlling said excitation-controlling means to cause said means to function automatically to maintain diierent predetermined generator voltages regardless of generator load.

3. In a power-transmission system, in combination, a work motor, a generator for supplying variable-voltage power to the motor, said generator and motor being connected in closedcircuit relation, a master switch, means for controlling the excitation of the motor, an exciter for the generator, and means including a balance relay responsive to control voltages as determined by the operation of the master switch for controlling the voltage developed by the exciter, said means including the balance relay being further operable in response to the generator voltage and a selected control voltage to control the exciter voltage for maintaining said generator voltage at a substantially constant value as determined by the position of the master switch.

4. In a power-transmission system, in combination, a work motor, a generator provided with a field winding connected for supplying variablevoltage power to said work motor, means for driving the generator, means for supplying exciting current to the motor, an exciter connected to the field winding of the generator, a master switch, means including a differential relay responsive to different predetermined voltages as determined by the setting of the master switch for varying the excitation of the exciter, said differential relay being further responsive to the voltage developed by the generator to regulate the excitation of the exciter, to maintain the generator voltage at substantially the same value as determined by the position of the master switch.

5. In an electrical system, in combination, a generator having a field winding, a separatelydriven exciter for energizing the field winding, a source of power, a controller having a plurality of positions, an excitation circuit for the exciter connected to the source of power and including a resistor, a relay operable to shunt the resistor, and a relay having dierentially disposed windings for controlling the operation of the shunting relay to control the effectiveness of said field resistor, one of said windings being energized directly from the power source at a voltage proportional to the position of the controller and the other being connected across the generator terminals to cause the diierential relay to control the operation of the shunting relay to regulate the voltage of the exciter so as to maintain a substantially constant generator voltage corresponding to the position of the controller.

6. An electrical system comprising a generator, an exciter for said generator, a controller, and means including a regulator device for controlling the excitation of the exciter, said regulator device being directly responsive to a control voltage determined by the operation of the controller for temporarily eifecting an excessive change in the exciter voltage and iurther'responsive to the generator voltage and said selected control voltage to maintain an average exciter voltage Isuillcient to cause the generator to develop a voltage corresponding to the position of the controller.

'7. In a power-transmission system, in combination, a motor, a generator for supplying power to said motor, means for controlling the excitation of the motor, a master switch operable to a plurality of positions, a source of constant potential, an exciter for said generator, an excitation circuit including a resistor for the exciter, a relay operable to shunt the resistor, relay means for controlling the energization of said relay, said relay means being differentially responsive to different predetermined voltages obtained from the source of constant potential as determined by the position of the master switch and to the generator voltage to cause the generator voltage to be raised to a value corresponding to the position of the master switch and thereafter maintained at said predetermined value as the load on the generator changes and means operable in response to the generator load exceeding a predetermined value for rendering said diierentially responsive means ineffective to control the resistor shunting relay.

8. In an electrical-transmission system, the combination with a generator and a motor provided with a field winding having their armal tures connected in series-circuit relation, a master switch and means for controlling the excitation of `the generator, of an exciter for supplying excitation current to the eld winding of the motor, means for controlling the excitation of the exciter in accordance with the relative values of a voltage impressed upon the field winding of position o! the master switch, and means responsive to the motor current" for controlling-the effectiveness of said means for controlling the excitation of the exciter.

9. In a power-transmission system, in combination, a work motor, a generator for supplying variable-voltage power to the work motor, said generator and motor being connected in closedcircuit relation, a master controller, means responsive to the setting of said master l controller and to the generator voltage for controlling the excitation oi the generator, a source oi excitation current for the motor and means responsive to predetermined voltages determined by iurther operation of the controller and to the voltage of the excitation source for controlling the voltage oi the excitation source and the speed of the motor.

10. In an electrical system, the combination, with a motor and a generator having their armatures connected in closed-circuit relation, a

Vseparate exciter for the motor and the generator, and a source of power, of a controller` operable to a plurality of positions for varying the voltage of the source of power, means difierento a predeterminedvoltage from the power source as determined by the position of the controller for controlling the voltage of the generator exciter, and means diilerentially responsive to the excitation voltage of the motor and to a predetermined voltage from the power source as determined by the position of the ccntroller for controlling the voltage oi the motor exciter. l

11. In a power-transmission system, in comblnation, a work motor, a generator for supplying power to said work motor, means including a master switch for varying the generator voltage to control the speed of the motor between predetermined limits, an exciter forthe motor, and means jointly responsive to a voltage determined by the position oi the master switch and to the exciter voltage for varying the excitation of the exciter to further control the speed of the motor.

12. In a power-transmission system, in combination, a work motor, a generator for supplying power to said work motor, means including a master controller for varying the generator voltage to control the speed of the motor between predetermined limits, an exciter for the motor, means jointly responsive to a voltage determined by the position oi the master controller and to the exciter voltage for varying the excitation of the exciter to further control the,

determined voltages from the power source di- I the motor.and a voltage dependent upon the rectly upon said differential relay dependent upon the setting of the controller, said diierential relay also being responsive to the voltage oi the .generator whereby the means including the diiierential relay is operated to maintain the generator voltage at a substantially constant value, as determined by the setting oi the controller, as its load varies.

14. In a power-transmission system, in combination, a motor, a generator for supplying power to the motor, a source of excitationior the generator, means including a relay having opposed windings for controlling the voltage of the excitation soln'ce, a source of constant potential power, and rheostatic means operable to impress voltages of diiIerent predetermined values from the power source on one oi said relay windings, said other relay winding being energized in accordance with the generator voltage thereby to cause said means including the relay with opposed windings to automatically maintain a predetermined generator voltage regardless of load variation.

15. In a power-transmission system, in combination, a motor, a generator ior supplying power to the motor, means including a controller for varying the generator voltage to control the speed oi the motor within predetermined limits, an exciter for the motor, means jointly responsive to a control voltage determined by the position oi the controller and to the exciter voltage for varying the excitation of the exciter to further control the speed of the motor, means operative in response to the motor current exceeding a predetermined value when receiving power from the generator for increasing the exciter voltage to predetermined value and means operative in response to the regenerative current of the motor exceeding a predetermined value when the controllerA Visactuated so as to obtain regenerative braking for decreasing the voltage of the exciter.

16. In a power-transmission system, in combination, a motor, a generator for supplying variable voltage power to the motor, an exciter for supplying excitation current to the generator, an energizing circuit including a resistor for the field winding oi' the exciter, a plurality oi' reversing switches for controlling the excitation circuitl of the exciter to reverse the polarity of the generator and direction oi rotation of the motor,;.,aswitch 4operable to shunt the resistor in the exciter field circuit, a relay having dinerentially related operating coils ior controlling the operation of the shunting switch, one of said relay coils being energized in proportion to the generator voltage and the other of said coils being connected to a constant voltage source through a resistor, and a controller operable to a plurality of positions for controlling the operation oi' the exciter reversing switches and for controlling the effectiveness of the resistor in the relay coil circuit to cause the differential relay and shunting switch to control the voltage of the exciter and consequently the excitation of the generator to raise and maintain the generator voltage in accordance with the position to which the controller is operated.

WIIFRED SYKES. 

